葡萄与葡萄酒工程就业方向有哪些

1. Introduction

Grapes are one of the oldest and most widespread crops in the world. They are grown in over 50 countries with an estimated 7.5 million hectares of vineyards worldwide. Grapes are used for a variety of purposes, such as fresh consumption, juice, processed fruits, and most importantly, wine. Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of grapes. The winemaking process involves a series of steps from harvesting the grapes to bottling the finished product. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of the winemaking process.

2. Harvesting and Crushing

The first step in winemaking is harvesting the grapes. Grapes are harvested either by hand or machine, depending on the vineyard's size and location. Once the grapes are harvested, they are transported to the winery for processing. The next step is crushing the grapes to separate the juice from the skins, stems, and seeds. In modern winemaking, this process is done by a machine called a crusher-destemmer. The grapes are fed into the machine, which removes the stems and crushes the grapes, resulting in a mixture of juice, skins, and seeds known as "must."

3. Fermentation

After crushing, the must is transferred to fermenting tanks. Yeast is added to the must to convert the sugar in the juice into alcohol. Fermentation takes place over a period of several days to several weeks, depending on the type of wine being produced. During fermentation, the mixture of juice, skins, and seeds is stirred or pumped over to extract the color and flavor compounds from the skins. This process is called "maceration." The temperature is also closely monitored during fermentation, as it can impact the flavor and aroma of the wine.

4. Aging and Bottling

After fermentation is complete, the wine is transferred to barrel or tank for aging. This is where the wine develops its complexity and depth of flavor. The length of time the wine spends in aging depends on the type of wine being produced. For example, white wines are usually aged for a shorter period than red wines. Once the wine has reached the desired level of maturity, it is bottled. Some wineries may also blend different wines to make a specific blend. The final step is corking and labeling the bottles before they are ready to be sold.

In conclusion, the winemaking process is a combination of art and science. From the time the grapes are harvested to the bottling of the finished product, every step in the process has an impact on the final flavor, aroma, and texture of the wine. Understanding the basics of winemaking can help wine lovers appreciate the complexity and richness of this ancient beverage.谋考网

葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业就业方向：毕业生可在酿酒科学与工程领域内从事教学、科学研究与开发、生产管理、检验、产品营销与技术服务等工作，也可以考研或出国深造。在葡萄酒类企业从事葡萄栽种、葡萄酒生产、产品研发、工艺设计、质量检测、生产管理、产品营销工作。

葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业就业前景怎么样

随着人类对食品安全和营养保健的重视，葡萄酒作为一种健康的食品已成为大众消费的时尚。葡萄酒的酿造过程具有独特的工艺和文化内涵，又与品种、生态和栽培条件密切相关，因此，葡萄酒产业是一个利用葡萄特有品种、通过特色栽培、独特发酵的新型文化产业。

葡萄酒产业所涉及的领域除传统的葡萄栽培与葡萄酒生产外，还扩展到鉴赏艺术、管理营销、文化推广、食品营养、医药保健、质量控制、工程设计等诸多方面。因此，葡萄酒产业是一个欣欣向荣的产业，2014年葡 萄 与 葡 萄 酒 工 程 专 业 就 业 前 景 与 就 业 方 向葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业有着广阔的就业前景。

葡萄与葡萄酒工程培养目标与要求

本专业培养具备生物学、化学、现代酿酒葡萄学和葡萄酒酿造学、食品工程学、企业管理和市场营销学的基本理论和技能，了解酵母菌发酵的条件和特点，使之了解葡萄酒的做法和用途。并且能在葡萄酒酿造学、酿酒葡萄学、生命科学及相关领域从事科研教学、生产设计与管理、贸易营销、新技术与新产品开发的高级科学与工程技术人才。

本专业学生主要学习生物学、化学、发酵工程以及葡萄酒产业化等方面的基本理论、基本知识，熟悉葡萄酒的原料生产、酿造工艺、分析检测、设备维护，以及市场开发的基本技能。